Poison centers observe increased Vitamin A exposures in children during measles outbreak
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection, currently causing outbreaks in the U.S.
Recent reports suggest that some individuals are using Vitamin A or cod liver oil in an attempt to prevent measles infection.
However, health officials emphasize that the most effective way to prevent measles is through vaccination with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine. For patients already infected with measles—particularly hospitalized children—vitamin A supplementation may be recommended to help reduce the risk of severe complications. Experts strongly advise consulting a healthcare provider before taking vitamin A or any other supplements.
“At times, vitamin A may be used in the management of patients hospitalized for measles to reduce the risk of serious complications,” said Diane Calello, executive and medical director of the New Jersey Poison Control Center at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. “Since taking too much vitamin A can make you sick, this supplement should only be used under the direct care and supervision of a medical provider treating a patient with measles.”
America’s Poison Centers is currently monitoring the National Poison Data System (NPDS) for incidents of vitamin A toxicity. Between January 1 and March 31, 2025, U.S. poison centers received 86 reports of pediatric vitamin A exposures—a 38.7% increase compared to the same period in 2024.
Despite the increase in cases, there has been no rise in the severity of poisonings, and no major health effects were reported in 2025. Not all exposures result in illness or toxicity, and some may be linked to cosmetic products containing vitamin A, such as retinol.
Risks of Vitamin A Misuse
While vitamin A is generally safe when used correctly, excessive intake can cause poisoning. Symptoms of vitamin A toxicity may include:
- Nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain
- Headaches due to increased intracranial pressure
- Bone pain
- Vision changes
- Liver damage
Key Takeaways:
- The MMR vaccine remains the best defense against measles.
- Vitamin A is sometimes used in measles treatment but should only be administered under medical supervision.
- Overuse of vitamin A can lead to serious health risks.
- If you suspect an overdose or have concerns, contact Poison Help at 1-800-222-1222 or visit PoisonHelp.org.
For more information on measles prevention, vaccination, and vitamin A, visit PoisonHelp.org.
