Extreme temperatures can significantly reduce efficiency, driving range and increase operating costs for electric and hybrid vehicles, according to a new study from AAA.
The research examined how electrified powertrains perform in cold, moderate and hot conditions, testing three electric vehicles and three hybrids at 20 degrees, 75 degrees and 95 degrees.
The study found cold weather had the greatest impact. Electric vehicles saw a 35.6% drop in efficiency and a 39% decrease in driving range at 20 degrees compared to moderate temperatures. Hybrids experienced a 22.8% decline in fuel economy under the same conditions.
Hot temperatures also affected performance, though to a lesser degree. At 95 degrees, EV efficiency declined by 10.4% and range dropped by 8.5%, while hybrid fuel efficiency decreased by 12%.
Operating costs rose in both hot and cold conditions. At 20 degrees, EV costs increased by $32.11 per 1,000 miles when charging at home and $76.93 when using public chargers. Hybrid fuel costs rose by $28.44 per 1,000 miles. In hot conditions, EV and hybrid costs also increased, though less dramatically.
“EVs are efficient in moderate temperatures but lose significant range in the cold,” said Greg Brannon, director of automotive engineering and research at AAA. “We expected this from our previous research, but were surprised by the 23% reduction in fuel economy for the hybrids in cold temperatures. Drivers should consider climate, energy costs, and driving patterns when choosing a vehicle that best fits their lifestyle.”
AAA said the findings are intended to help consumers better understand how weather affects vehicle performance and inform purchasing decisions.
The study also found consumer interest in hybrid vehicles remains higher than for fully electric models. About 35% of U.S. adults said they are likely to purchase a hybrid vehicle, citing fewer concerns about range and charging access.
AAA researchers recommend drivers consider climate, charging availability and seasonal cost changes when choosing between electric and hybrid vehicles.
